中文摘要：

铝(艾尔) 毒性和磷的(P) 缺乏是在酸的土壤上为植物生长限制因素的二个学生。因此，为艾尔忍耐的生理的机制和 P 获得强烈地被学习了。一个通常观察的特点是植物开发了能力利用器官的酸阴离子(OA；主要 malate，柠檬酸盐和盐) 与艾尔毒性和 P 缺乏作斗争。根分泌进根围的 OA 装外部地螯的艾尔 ³⁺ 并且动员磷酸盐(Pi ) ，当 OA 内部在房间罐头综合了时扣押艾尔 ³⁺ 进液泡和版本为新陈代谢的免费 Pi。涉及 OA 合成和运输的分子的机制详细被描述了。为通过在庄稼的增加的 OA 渗出或合成的艾尔忍耐和 P 效率的随后的基因改进被完成了由转基因、帮助标记繁殖。这评论主要阐明在通过总结的植物艾尔忍耐和 P 效率的 OA 的关键角色联系了生理的机制，分子的特点和庄稼的基因操作。

英文摘要：

Aluminum （AI） toxicity and phosphorous （P） deficiency are two major limiting factors for plant growth on acidic soils. Thus, the physiological mechanisms for AJ tolerance and P acquisition have been intensively studied. A commonly observed trait is that plants have developed the ability to utilize organic acid anions （OAs; mainly malate, citrate and oxalate） to combat AI toxicity and P deficiency. OAs secreted by roots into the rhizosphere can externally chelate Al^3＋ and mobilize phosphate （Pi）, while OAs synthesized in the cell can internally sequester Al^3＋ into the vacuole and release free Pi for metabolism. Molecular mechanisms involved in OA synthesis and transport have been described in detail. Ensuing genetic improvement for AI tolerance and P efficiency through increased OA exudation and/or synthesis in crops has been achieved by transgenic and marker-assisted breeding. This review mainly elucidates the crucial roles of OAs in plant Al tolerance and P efficiency through summarizing associated physiological mechanisms, molecular traits and genetic manipulation of crops.