中文摘要：

神经干细胞（neuralstemcell,NSC）具有维持自我更新和分化能力，在中枢神经系统发育过程中能有序地分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。NsC分化由细胞因子、转录因子以及表观遗传调控因子等多种因素共同调控。表观遗传学调节是不改变DNA序列的可遗传基因表达方式，组蛋白修饰是表观遗传修饰中的一种重要调节方式，在转录过程中不可或缺，在中枢神经系统发育过程中也发挥着关键作用。文章对组蛋白甲基化与去甲基化调控NSC分化进行了简要综述。

英文摘要：

Neural stem cell （NSC） has self-renewal and differentiation potential. It can orderly differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the development of central nervous system. NSC differentiation was commonly regulated by a variety of factors, including cytokines, transcription factors and epigenetic factors. Epigenetic regulation is a heritable geneexpression without changing the DNA sequence. Histone modification is an important regulation mode in epigenetic modifications, which is essential in the transcription process. It also plays a critical role in the development of central nervous system. This article briefly reviews the histone methylation and demethylation in the regulation of NSC differentiation.