中文摘要：

背景：在中国老年人认知功能障碍及痴呆是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题，但对认知能力下降的生物学指标的研究极其有限。 目的：探索健康老人多个领域的认知功能与左右侧海马体积之间的关系。 方法：使用配有MPRAGE序列的西门子3.0 T Trio Tim磁共振扫描仪对65名65至75岁的社区健康受试者进行结构成像扫描。采用Freesurfer软件来确定左右侧海马的体积。使用可重复的神经心理状态成套检查（Re-peatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status，RBANS）对认知功能进行评价。评估海马体积与认知功能之间未调整和调整后的相关性。 结果：在这一相对狭窄的年龄段中，女性的年龄与大多数认知功能评估结果显著相关，但男性中年龄与任何认知评估结果都不相关。无论是男性还是女性，右 侧海马体积与延迟记忆呈正相关，而左侧海马体积与即刻记忆和延迟记忆均呈正相关（虽然在女性中与延迟记忆只有相关的趋势）。经调整年龄、性别和受教育年数（该变量与所有认知评估结果的相关性最强）后，左右侧海马体积均与延迟记忆呈正相关，但与即刻记忆无关联。有趣的是，左右侧海马的体积之差与RBANS注意分量表得分呈负相关，女性中该相关性要强于男性。 结论：本研究证实了先前关于海马体积和记忆之间相关性的研究工作，提出了注意力和两侧海马体积差异可能存在关联，并表明海马体积和记忆的相关性存在一些性别差异。

英文摘要：

Background：Cogniitve impairment and demenita among elderly adults is a pressing public health issue in China but research on biomarkers of cogniitve decline has been limited. Aim：Explore the relaitonship between mulitple domains of cogniitve funcitoning and the volume of the letf and right hippocampus in healthy elderly adults. Methods：Structural MRI scanning was performed on 65 community-dwelling healthy participants 65 to 75 years of age using the Siemens 3.0 T Trio Tim with the MPRAGE sequence. The volumes of the letf and right hippocampus were determined using Freesurfer sotfware. Cogniitve funcitoning was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS）. Both unadjusted and adjusted associaitons between the hippocampal volumes and cogniitve funcitoning were esitmated. Results：Within this relatively narrow age range, age was significantly associated with most of the cognitive measures assessed in women but was not significantly associated with any of the cognitive measures in men. In both men and women right hippocampal volume was positively associated with delayed memory and letf hippocampal volume was posiitvely associated with both immediate memory and delayed memory （though the relaitonship with delayed memory in women was only at a trend level）. After adjustment for age, gender, and years of formal education （the variable that was most strongly associated with all of the cognitive measures）, both left hippocampal volume and right hippocampal volume were posiitvely associated with delayed memory, but not with immediate memory. Interesitngly, the difference in the volumes of the letf and right hippocampi was negaitvely associated with the score of the RBANS atteniton subscale, a relaitonship that was stronger in women than in men. Conclusions：This study confirms previous work about the relationship of hippocampal volume and memory, identifies a possible relationship between attention and the difference in size of the two hippocampi,