中文摘要：

为确定电真空器件内热阴极区域的温度分布,以热阴极的热电子发射机理为基础,针对传统闸流管的经典热阴极构型,利用Comsol软件对一定几何结构的热阴极进行了物理建模,依据热传导的相关理论,合理地设定了模型边界的热量传递和交换条件,对热丝加热功率与阴极表面温度分布进行了模拟分析,所得结果与实际测试结果进行了对比,达到了相当吻合的程度;同时确定了绝缘陶瓷的有关物理参数是导致阴极温度不高的一个主要因素。从而说明本文所探寻的利用数值模拟方法分析热阴极构型的电真空器件内的温度分布是准确而有效的方法。

英文摘要：

The temperature field distributions around the hot cathode of the conventional electrovacuum devices,such as a thyratron,were modeled and simulated,on the basis of thermal dynamics with the software package Comsol.The impacts of the heating power of the hot cathode and the temperature distribution on the thermal emission characteristics and mechanisms were analytically evaluated.The simulated results were found to agree fairly well with the measured data involved.Interesting finding was that the ceramic support of the hot cathode significantly lowers the temperature of the cathode.We suggest that the simulated results be of much technological interest in designing other electrovacuum devices.