中文摘要：

为了克服已有物理栖息地模型仅能在具有较完善监测资料河流使用的局限性,介绍了一种应用模糊逻辑的物理栖息地模拟方法。该方法以河道平面二维流场模拟结果为基础,将鱼类学和生态学专家的知识经验融入物理栖息地模型中,运用模糊逻辑推理计算栖息地各单元适宜度,最后根据加权可用面积、高适宜度面积比例与流量的关系曲线确定生态需水量。运用该方法对葛洲坝坝下中华鲟产卵栖息地进行模拟。研究结果表明,中华鲟产卵期适宜生态需水量为10 000～17 000 m3/s。分析认为该方法对监测资料依赖程度低,使用专家知识经验能够弥补数据不足造成的不利影响,具有一定的可行性及实用性。该研究有助于监测资料不足的河流开展生态保护及河流管理工作,并且能够为模糊数学理论在水生态学中的应用提供参考。

英文摘要：

Existing physical habitat models could only be available and efficient for the rivers which have abundant monitoring data.To overcome this shortcoming,a new physical habitat simulation method by applying fuzzy logic inference was presented.Based on precise flow field simulation results,the proposed fuzzy habitat model linked these data to the expert knowledge base to compute habitat suitability indexes of each unit by using fuzzy logic reasoning.At last,the weighted usable area and highly suitable proportion of habitat at different river discharges were calculated to study the ecological water requirement.By using the proposed method,Chinese sturgeon spawning habitat on the downstream of the Gezhouba Dam was simulated.The results indicate that the suitable ecological flow range for Chinese sturgeon propagation is about 10 000-17 000 m3/s.The proposed method which is weak dependence on monitoring data by considering expert knowledge and experience is feasible and available.This research could be helpful to ecological protection and river management for the rivers which are lack of field-measured data,and could also provide a reference for the application of fuzzy mathematics in water ecology.