中文摘要：

针对已有的微米及纳米电化学监测单囊泡、单突触及突触间隙释放,扫描电化学显微镜用于单细胞释放前后形貌变化的定量分析,微流控与阵列电极集成芯片,用于细胞灌注培养及监测释放化学信号分子的研究工作进行了评述.同时,对近几年此领域的前沿研究进行了简要评论,并对其未来发展提出了一些新的观点.

英文摘要：

The monitoring of chemical signal molecules release from single cells with spatial and temporal resolution is a very important fundamental research in probing brain chemistry.In recent years,we have investigated systematically chemical signal molecules release from single cells with the microelectrode and developed the monitoring of chemical signal molecules release from single vesicles,single synapses and synaptic clefts with spatial resolution using the nanoelectrode.We have initiated the quantitative analysis to detect morphological changes of single cells before and after release using scanming electrochemical microscopy（SECM）.We first researched the microfluidic and array-electrode integrated microsystem and applied it to the perfusion culture and detection of neurotransmitter release from cells.In this paper,the above researches and the frontier researches of this area in the world are reviewed.The new viewpoints of the future development in this research area are suggested.This review includes real time monitoring of dopamine release from single-cell using the microelectrode,monitoring of dopamine release from single vesicle with spatial and temporal resolution using the nanoelectrode,monitoring and manipulation of quantal release from single cells on a microfluidic device,morphological changes of single cells before and after NO release using the scanning electrochemical microscopy,and future analytical challenges：（1）research of decreasing the size of the nanoelectrode,（2）development of the integrated microfluidic device,（3）coupling between amperometry and other analytical techniques such as SECM,AFM,STM,TEM and（4）combination of Fluorescence Microscopy and Amperometry.