中文摘要：

近年，非对称球因其独特的结构和性能以及广泛的应用前景而引起了研究者们的极大兴趣，为此提出了许多巧妙的非对称球制备方法，如相分离、微流道共流、静电共喷洒、自组装等以及表面保护、定向流或场反应、微接触印刷或部分接触反应等表面选择改性方法，直接或间接地制备了双亲、双色、补丁等不同性能和不同形貌的非对称球。此外，根据非对称球的特定性能，利用光学显微镜、电子显微镜及其它方法，研究者们还提出了各种对非对称性质和形貌进行表征的方法。本文概括介绍了近年出现的非对称球制备及非对称性表征方法，分析了非对称球制备与应用的研究现状及关注热点。

英文摘要：

Recently, the preparation of asymmetrically functionalized particles, also known as Janus particles, has elicited much interest due to their special structures and unique properties, diverse functions and potential applications in a number of fields. Up to the present, various original approaches such as techniques involved in phase separation, microfluidic co-flow, electrified co-jetting and self-assembling, and methods based on selective surface modification which can be achieved by temporary masking printing and partial contact with a reactive medium, have been , reactive directional fluxes proposed for the direct or or fields, microcontact indirect preparation of amphiphilic or bicolored Janus particles, patchy particles and other asymmetric particles. Moreover, according to the specific properties of Janus particles, their asymmetry and morphology are characterized by the application of optical or electrical microscope, or other means. This review highlights the major research progress associated with the synthesis and characterization of Janus particles in recent years, and involves some problems to be tackled in the application of Janus particles.