中文摘要：

采用喷射裂解法,以羰基铁为催化剂前驱体,吡啶为碳源,通过改变温度或比例（V（羰基铁）∶V（吡啶））制备了不同形貌的碳纳米材料.采用氯化铵热处理法去除碳材料中的铁催化剂,得到具有空心结构的碳纳米笼和石墨烯片层,采用高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）对载体的形貌特征进行表征.然后将Pt纳米粒子沉积在碳载体上,得到不同的Pt/C催化剂.通过HRTEM、X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学测试对合成催化剂的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征.实验结果表明：制备温度和反应物比例的变化导致产物的结构形貌发生变化;当作为催化剂载体时,其微观结构和石墨化程度对催化剂的催化活性和稳定性有很大的影响.

英文摘要：

Carbon nanomaterials with different morphologies were prepared by spray pyrolysis,using liquid iron pentacarbonyl （Fe（CO）5） as a catalyst precursor and pyridine （C5H5N） as a carbon source at different volume ratios.Heat treatment of as-prepared carbon materials with the addition of NH4 Cl was carried out to remove the iron catalyst and obtain hollow carbon nanocages （CNC） and graphene （Gr） sheets.High resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） was used to characterize the morphologies of CNC and Gr.CNC and Gr were used as supports for the subsequent deposition of Pt nanoparticles.The structure,morphology,composition and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared Pt/C catalysts were characterized by HRTEM,X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electrochemical measurements.The results indicate that the structure and morphology of as-prepared carbon materials were related to the preparation temperature and the ratios of Fe（CO）5 and C5H5N.When they were used as catalyst supports,the electrocatalytic activity and durability depended on the nanostructure and the degree of graphitization of the supports.