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中文摘要：
较加载状态相比,卸荷条件下岩石的力学性质有明显的区别。在对拟建引水隧洞的灰岩(Oh3–3)岩样进行常规三轴与卸荷三轴试验的基础上,对试验结果进行对比,结果表明:(1)Oh3–3灰岩岩样的卸荷破坏特征以向卸荷方向发生侧向变形和体积扩容为主。(2)灰岩岩样在卸荷状态下脆性特征较加载状态下明显。在卸荷试验中,峰值强度之后岩样表现出明显的脆性特征。若在此岩体中进行地下工程开挖,岩爆现象的发生是不可避免的。(3)灰岩岩样在卸荷条件下得到的抗压强度明显小于常规三轴条件下的强度值。在本次试验围压范围内,峰值强度最大降低25.65%,残余强度最大降低73.15%。(4)灰岩岩样在卸荷条件下得到的抗剪强度与常规加载条件下得到的值相比,黏聚力c的峰值强度和残余强度均有所降低,内摩擦角?的峰值强度和残余强度有所增加。(5)卸荷状态和加载状态下,Oh3–3灰岩岩样的变形模量E50和泊松比μ与围压σ3均呈二次相关性,区别在于变形模量E50与围压σ3的关系表现为先减后增,而泊松比μ与围压σ3的关系呈先增后减趋势。
英文摘要：
Under unloading condition,the mechanical characteristic of rock sample is notably different from that under loading condition. Because of constructing of tunnel,loading and unloading experiments are carried out to study the unloading mechanical characteristics of h3O -3 limestone. After analyzing test data,some conclusions are drawn:(1) The lateral deformation and volume dilatancy of rock sample along unloading direction are the dominant failure characteristics. (2) Brittle characteristic of rock is more notable than that under loading condition for this rocks,especially after peak strength. So rockburst may take place when underground engineerings are constructed. (3) Under unloading condition,compressive strength is less than that under loading condition. As far as this rock is concerned,the peak strength is reduced by 25.65%and residual strength by 73.15%. (4) For shear strength,peak strength and residual strength of cohesion both decrease and those of inner friction angle increase. (5) Under two kinds of testing conditions,deformation modulus E50 and Poisson′s ratio μare related with confining pressure. The different is that deformation modulus decreases firstly and when confining pressure reaches to some value,deformation modulus begins to increase. Then for poisson′s ratio,the trend of changing is opposite to deformation modulus.
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