中文摘要：

闸坝建设和运行必然引起河流水文情势自然状态改变，并对河流生态系统产生影响，因此，开展闸控河流生态需水调控研究对河流生态修复和改善具有重要意义。基于河流水文情势变化对河流生态系统影响分析，提出了基于水文情势需求的河流生态需水计算模式；以河流生态系统恢复为目标，综合考虑河流生态和经济社会用水需求，构建了考虑自然水流情势的闸坝生态需水调控多171标模型；采用多方案模拟技术方法，分析了不同闸坝调控方式下的河流生态需水方案。结果表明，考虑生态需水的“天然水流模式目标最大”调控方式，比经济社会用水优先的“水量分配目标最大”调控方式，对河流水文情势关键指标的改善作用更加明显，更有利于河流生态系统健康发展。

英文摘要：

Construction and operation of hydraulic projects have changed the hydrological regime of natural rivers and produced negative influences on river ecosystems. To improve and recover the deteriorated river environment, it is of great significance to analyze and make effective regulation of the ecological water demands by rivers. This paper describes a calculation model of these demands that was constructed through analysis of river hydrological regime and its influence on river ecosystem. This model takes river ecological restoration as its optimization goal and considers the demands and the economic and social water use. It adopts a multi-scheme simulation technique to simulate the demands under different regulation modes of dam and gate control on sluice-controlled rivers. Results show that the sluice regulation by the natural flow target highest aimed at ecological water demands can achieve better improvement on highly-affected hydrological indicators than that by the water allocation goal highest aimed at higher priority on social and economic water use, and thus it would offer a better support to healthy development of river ecosystems.