中文摘要：

为实现生物质能源的高效利用,减少能源消耗,采用原位超临界流体技术制备了油菜籽生物柴油.以氧弹法测定热值的同时,运用Dulong热值方程式对生物柴油热值进行了计算和对比研究;利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和气相色谱-质谱联用仪等技术手段,对实验制得的生物柴油进行了化学组分、分子结构和官能团的表征,研究了超临界条件下多相反应物转化为液相可燃性脂类的性能与结构特点.结果表明,在原位超临界条件下,生物质中除油脂能够参与酯交换反应外,糖类和蛋白质也可通过分解重组形成具有较高热值的长链烷基酯.与油脂提取-酯交换二元法相比,该方法提高了生物质利用率.

英文摘要：

In order to achieve efficient use of biomass and reduce energy consumption,in-situ supercritical fluid technology was employed to prepare biodiesel from rapeseed. The caloric value of the biodiesel was both determined by the oxygen bomb method and calculated by means of Dulong caloric value equation,and a comparative study was then carried out on this basis. By means of fourier infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,the chemical composition,molecular structure and functional groups of the prepared biodiesel were characterized. Meanwhile,the performance and structural characteristics of liquid-phase flammable oils under supercritical condition were discussed. The results indicate that not only the oil in biomass can participate in transesterification but also the carbohydrate and protein can be converted into long-chain alkyl ester of high caloric value by the decomposition /reorganization reaction. Compared with the oil extraction-two-step transesterification method,this method improves the utilization rate of biomass.