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中文摘要：
介绍了抗氧化防御系统、应激蛋白HSP70、活性氧（ROS）以及植络素（PCs）等作为分子水平上的生物标志物，在水和土壤环境污染早期诊断和生态风险评价中的研究现状及最新进展，以及污染物胁迫下活性氧的产生及对机体的氧化损伤机理，并展望了分子生物标志物在污染环境早期诊断和生态风险评价中的发展方向。
英文摘要：
Molecular biomarkers due to their sensitivities in early warning to indicate biological damages following the long-term exposure with low concentrations of the pollutants, have been wildly used in ecological risk assessment of water and soil compartments, and are becoming one of the hotspots in ecotoxicological studies. In this paper, the overview studies and the most advancing developments in antioxidant defense, HSP70, reactive oxygen species （ ROS）, phytochelatins （PCs） which are used as the molecular biomarkers in early diagnosis and ecological risk assessment in water and soil are reviewed, as well as the mechanisms of ROS generation and it mediated oxidative damage. Finally, perspectives of trends in molecular biomarkers in early diagnosis and ecological risk assessment are discussed.
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