中文摘要：

随着湖泊流域人类活动的加剧，我国湖泊水体污染及流域生态环境退化逐渐加重，生态系统结构和功能日益遭受破坏。从流域尺度、社会生态系统层面进行综合分析，找出流域脆弱性的驱动机制，对于源头治理湖泊流域水体污染和环境退化具有重大意义。文章以滇池为例，结合“压力-状态-响应”模型和“暴露度-敏感性-恢复力”模型，构建湖泊流域社会生态系统脆弱性分析框架，探寻湖泊流域脆弱性特征及驱动机制，为流域的系统治理提供依据。结果表明，滇池流域是昆明市的脆弱性中心和策源地，脆弱性趋势在加剧和蔓延；脆弱性特征区域差异显著，脆弱性程度趋于均衡。社会因素尤其是人类活动是脆弱性主要的驱动因素，不合理的土地利用是滇池流域脆弱性形成的最大贡献者。脆弱性跨尺度作用明显，脆弱程度受外界影响大；系统自组织程度低，环境治理效率不佳。最后文章提出了滇池流域脆弱性调控的措施。

英文摘要：

With the rapid development of social economy and the fast growth of population, the pollutant loads and the ecological degradation of limnological watersheds are gradually aggravating, and their damage to the structure and function of the ecological economic systems is devastating. From the perspectives of linmological watersheds and social ecological systems, a comprehensive system analysis to find out the vulnerability mechanism is of great significance for controlling headwater pollution and mitigating ecological degradation of limnological watersheds. The present study combined the models of＂Pressure State Response＂ with ＂Exposure Sensitivity Resilience＂, developed a framework for the social ecosystem vulnerability analysis, and tried to explore the vulnerability and the responsive mechanism of a case linmological watershed： the Dianchi lake watershed system. Our results show that the Dianchi lake watershed, whose vulnerable area is greatly expanding and vulnerable magnitude is increasing, was the center or origin of the vulnerability of the whole Kunming city. The responsive vulnerability factors varied and the magnitude of vulnerability tended to equalize between areas within the watershed. The social factors, especially the human activities, were found to be the major responsive factors for the vulnerability formation. For example, the unreasonable land use was the biggest contributor to the vulnerability in the Dianchi lake watershed. The cross-scale interaction also played an important role in the formation of vulnerability. The magnitude of vulnerability was obviously influenced by external factors. In the studied watershed system, the degree of self-organization was shown low, and the environmental governance efficiency of its social ecological system was markedly poor. Finally, the authors recommended some management practices for effectively regulating of the vulnerability of the Dianchi lake watershed.