中文摘要：

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞作为一类具有多向分化潜能的细胞群体,在一定诱导条件下可进行成骨或成脂分化.目的：就骨髓间充质干细胞成骨成脂分化的双向调控影响因素研究进展作一综述.方法：以＂骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨,成脂＂为中文检索词,以＂bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteogenic differentiation,adipocyte differentiation＂为英文检索词,在中国知网期刊全文数据库和PubMed数据库检索（2006年1月至2016年8月）有关骨髓间充质干细胞成骨成脂分化的文献.结果与结论：转录因子、信号通路、小分子化合物等是调控骨髓间充质干细胞分化方向的关键因素,这些因素不是单独发挥作用的,而是相互作用,共同调控骨髓间充质干细胞的分化方向.所以基于这些关键分子来干预骨髓间充质干细胞成骨成脂分化方向的技术,可能是将来进行细胞治疗的重要手段,进而运用于组织工程和再生医学.此外,生物钟也可通过调控相关信号通路或转录因子对其成骨成脂分化产生影响.

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） with multiple differentiation potential can be induced into osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation under certain conditions. OBJECTIVE： To review the related factors regulating the adipo-osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. METHODS： A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for literature concerning the related factors regulating the adipo-osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs published from January 2006 to August 2016. The search terms were ＂bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, adipocyte differentiation＂ in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Signaling pathways, transcription factors, and smal molecule compounds that are interacted are key factors in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation, so the techniques to intervene BMSCs differentiation based on these key molecules may correct bone or fat abnormality and can be applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the future. Additionally, the biological clock is also one of the most important factors for adipo-osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating signaling pathways or transcription factors.