中文摘要：

鱼类早期生活阶段对外界环境极为敏感,即使低浓度的污染物暴露也可能对其胚胎发育、仔鱼生长存活造成损害,导致种群数量和质量的降低。研究污染物对鱼类早期生活阶段的毒理效应和机制是揭示污染物对生物种群和水生生态系统潜在风险的有效途径。重金属对鱼类的影响在精、卵发生时即可显现。例如,抑制卵（精）母细胞成熟和精子活力降低,使受精率降低;影响受精卵吸水膨胀过程,改变胚胎发育速率、引起胚胎畸形、影响胚胎心率、改变孵化时间、降低孵化率;影响初孵仔鱼体长、造成仔鱼畸形、影响卵黄囊吸收和胚后仔鱼发育生长、摄食行为等。重金属对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性效应主要取决于金属种类、暴露浓度和受试鱼种及其发育阶段。此外,外界环境条件等因素也会对重金属的毒性产生显著影响。本研究综合分析国内外关于重金属污染物对鱼类精卵、胚胎、仔鱼等早期发育过程生态毒理效应的研究进展,并结合相关报道阐述了其毒性机制。

英文摘要：

The early life stages（ELSs） of aquatic organisms are particularly sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic stressors. ELS bioassays have widely been used as a cost-effective means to rapidly detect and monitor metal pollution in aquatic environments. Exposure to waterborne heavy metals during the ELSs of fish can result in inhibition of oogenesis and spermatogenesis processes, reduced fertilization success, chromosomal abnormalities, increased incidence of yolk membrane ruptures, reduced hatching success and survival, altered time to hatch, embryonic and larval teratogenicity, inhibited growth and abnormal larval behaviors. Previous studies have shown that heavy metals in dissolved and suspended particulate matters in the waters and sediments of fish spawning and nursery grounds in the offshore of China were overloaded in the past decades. Therefore, biological damage caused by heavy metals to their reproduction, development, survival, and growth have been considered potential risks for deterioration of the wild population. In this paper, studies of the toxicity effects on the ELS of fish were reviewed in order to help researchers better understand the progress in this research field.