中文摘要：

每年的12月至次年2月是我国电力机车车顶绝缘子闪络事故的多发时间段，在车顶绝缘子闪络事故中，由于绝缘子覆冰而导致的闪络事故占很大比例。因此，研究电力机车车顶绝缘子的防覆冰技术和研制防覆冰车顶绝缘子具有重要的现实意义。为合理设计车顶绝缘子伞型结构，建立了车顶绝缘子外部三维两相粘性不可压湍流流场模型，通过数值模拟仿真的方法分析研究了电力机车车顶绝缘子的外部流场的空气动力特性和液体小颗粒与车顶绝缘子的撞击特性，并以空气中含有的液体小颗粒与绝缘子的碰撞率为依据，设计出了防覆冰车顶绝缘子的伞裙形状，并给出了伞裙的上倾角、下倾角、伞间距及伞裙组合的推荐值即伞裙上倾角8°、下倾角0°、伞间距〉55mm以及一大一小的伞裙组合方式。

英文摘要：

Most flashover faults of electrical locomotive roof insulators happen from December to February in the next year. A large proportion of these flashover accidents are caused by insulators icing. Therefore,it is important to study the anti-icing technology and development of anti-icing locomotive roof insulator. To rationally design the shed of locomotive roof insulator, we established a three-dimensional two-phase uncompressible turbulent flow field mode. Moreover, using the method of numerical simulation, we analyzed and researched the outer flow field characteristics of locomotive roof insulator and impingement characteristics of liquid particles to insulator. According to the impingement rate, we designed the anti-icing shed shape of roof insulator. We suggested that shed shape should be the inclination of topper surface 8°, the inclination of lower surface 0°, the distance between two adjacent sheds 55 ram, and one-big-one-small shed configuration should be chosen.