中文摘要：

有性生殖的出现是生物进化中的重大事件。性别作为生物的一种重要而又复杂的表型，由基因和环境因素共同控制，其中遗传因素即基因起到非常关键的作用。然而，并不是每个相关基因对于生物的性别都具有相同的作用，性别决定关键基因对生物性别的决定和性别的分化具有重要作用，因而研究和理解性别决定的关键基因具有重要意义。随着现代遗传学的发展，目前关于生物性别决定方式以及性别决定关键基因的研究已取得了很大的进展。文章就生物的基因性别决定机制以及基因性别决定机制的研究策略进行了综述，以期在遗传学教学中能更好地理解和阐述。

英文摘要：

Sex is an important and complex feature of organisms, which is controlled by the genetic and environmental factors. The genetic factors, i.e., genes, are vital in sex determination. However, not all the related genes play the same roles, and some key genes play a vital role in the sex determination and differentiation. With the development of the modern ge-netics, a great progress on the key genes has been made in sex determination. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of sex determination and the strategy of how to study the key genes in sex determination. It will help us to understand the mechanism of sex determination better in the teaching of genetics.