中文摘要：

自然、高效的三维交互技术是虚拟现实系统成功应用的关键．现有的交互技术主要是从几何层次上考虑如何有效实现交互任务，而对面向高层应用的交互任务的支持还不够．借鉴人类在真实世界中的认知原理，虚拟环境中的交互对象不仅具有外观意义上的几何属性，而且包含了与交互有关的规则、约束和供给等语义属性，这些虚拟对象称为语义对象．在系统导航、对象选择／操作等交互任务的执行中，通过语义对象可以实现高层交互语义的封装和解析．从应用角度提高交互技术的效率和可用性，为用户提供“直接操纵”之上的面向高层语义的交互隐喻．屏蔽交互技术的底层实现细节，使用户专注于应用领域相关的高层交互控制。

英文摘要：

Natural and efficient 3D interaction techniques play one of the key roles in the development of virtual reality systems. Most of these techniques, which are used currently, mainly aim at supporting the implementation of interaction tasks in geometric level. As a result, they usually lack of the sufficient ability for executing those interaction tasks that orient to high-level application. Based on the cognitive principles in the real world, interaction objects in virtual environments not only include some geometric attributes in the visual view, but also own some specific semantic attributes such as interaction rules, constraints and affordances, which are related with interaction process tightly. In this paper these objects are called semantic objects, in the sense that they know how the user can interact with them, giving clues to aid the interaction. Through parsing and interpreting interaction semantics, these semantic objects can help to realize high-level interaction metaphors above ＂direct manipulation＂. Because they hide low-level details about the implementation of interaction techniques, this kind of metaphors evidently improve the efficiency and usability of interaction techniques, and enable user to concentrate more on the high-level interaction control directly related with the special applications.