中文摘要：

采用孔径5 nm陶瓷膜处理冶金、电子、化工等工业产生的含La3＋废水,考察离子浓度、电解质和溶液p H等对膜分离性能的影响。结果表明：膜对La3＋的截留率随离子浓度的增大而减小,膜通量略有下降。当La3＋质量浓度由9.1 mg/L增加到245.0 mg/L时,膜对La3＋的截留率从82.4%降低到66.2%,膜渗透通量下降5%。随Na Cl浓度的增大,膜对La3＋的截留率降低,而膜渗透通量增大。当Na Cl质量浓度增大到100 mg/L时,膜对La3＋的截留率从69.3%减小到26.0%,膜通量则提高30%以上。溶液p H既改变了膜表面荷电性又改变了La在水中的存在形式,对膜分离性能影响显著。当溶液p H〈6时,La主要以游离的La3＋形式存在;当p H=10时,La主要以La（OH）3沉淀的形式存在,膜对La3＋的截留率大于99%;当p H=6~8时,部分La（OH）2＋的存在,增大了膜孔堵塞阻力,导致膜通量较低。调整溶液p H有助于陶瓷超滤膜回收废水中的La3＋,实现资源化利用。

英文摘要：

The ceramic membrane with 5 nm pore size was applied to the treatment of wastewater containing La3 ＋produced from metallurgical,electronics and chemical industries. Effects of ion concentration,electrolyte and solution p H on the separation performance of membrane were investigated.Results showed that with the increase of La3 ＋concentration,permeate increased and permeate flux decreased. When the La3 ＋mass concentration increased from 9. 1 mg/L to 245. 0 mg/L,the rejection rate of La3 ＋was decreased 82. 4% to 66. 2%,the flux decreased about 5%. The addition of electrolyte had a drastic adverse effect on the rejection performance of ceramic membrane. With the increase of Na Cl concentration,the rejection rate of La3 ＋decreased and the permeate flux increased. When the Na Cl mass concentration was up to 100 mg/L,the rejection rate of La3 ＋decreased from 69. 3% to 26. 0%,while the permeate flux increased more than 30%. The p H of the solution influenced the property of the membrane surface charge and changed forms of the lanthanum existence in solution. When p H 〈 6,lanthanum was mostly existed in the form of La3 ＋. It was mostly La（ OH）3precipitates in solution and correspondingly therejection rate of La3 ＋was above 99% at p H 10. There was a fraction of La（ OH）2 ＋generated on p H values in the range of 6 to 8,thus increasing the pore blocking resistance and reducing the permeate flux.Adjusting solution p H value could contribute to recovering lanthanum ions in wastewater by ceramic ultrafiltration membrane and realized resourceful utilization.