中文摘要：

随着柴油车数量的增加,NOx污染的控制成为了当今社会的一个重要议题,NOx可以导致酸雨,光化学烟雾以及慢性健康问题.目前,具有八元环孔口的含铜CHA型分子筛(包括Cu-SSZ-13和Cu-SPAO-34)具有优异的高温水热稳定性及宽温度范围内的活性和N2选择性,是最具有吸引力的氨选择催化还原催化剂,而且在欧洲和美国已经得到了应用.SAPO-34分子筛的一个重要缺陷就是在100oC以下,对水较为敏感,这主要是由于Si–O–Al键的水解造成的.研究表明,在室温下接触水蒸气后,SAPO-34的结晶度和比表面积只能部分恢复,而如果长达数月甚至更长时间的接触后,分子筛将会遭受骨架坍塌等不可逆的破坏,到目前为止,Cu-SAPO-34的低温水热稳定性相关问题并未得到清楚的阐述.本文系统研究了不同铜含量和硅含量的Cu-SAPO-34催化剂的低温水热稳定性.结果显示,低温水热处理后,所有催化剂的NH3氧化活性和NH3-SCR活性(主要是低温活性)都有所下降.29SiMASNMR结果表明,在低温水热处理过程中,骨架结构的破坏在所难免,但催化剂上铜含量的增加有助于Cu-SAPO-34的骨架结构和酸性的更好保持.EPR结果表明,当催化剂上铜含量较低时,孤立Cu2+的稳定性和SAPO分子筛骨架的稳定性呈现正相关的关系.具有较高铜含量(如3.67wt%)的样品,尽管其骨架结构和酸性在低温水热处理过程中可以得到较好的保持,但活性Cu2+的量仍会有明显的下降.由于部分样品在低温水处理后,NH3氧化反应活性下降,我们推测CuO颗粒发生了聚结,从而抑制了催化剂的NH3氧化反应活性,N2O化学吸附实验也证实了该结论.在所有催化剂中,具有中等铜含量(1.37%)的高硅Cu-SAPO-34样品在低温水处理过程中的Cu2+量和酸性质均得到了较好的保持,所以其水处理后的NH3-SCR活性衰减最小.

英文摘要：

The low‐temperature hydrothermal stabilities of Cu‐SAPO‐34samples with various Si contents and Cu loadings were systematically investigated.The NH3oxidation activities and NH3‐selective catalytic reduction(SCR)activities(mainly the low‐temperature activities)of all the Cu‐SAPO‐34catalysts declined after low‐temperature steam treatment(LTST).These results show that the texture and acid density of Cu‐SAPO‐34can be better preserved by increasing the Cu loading,although the hydrolysis of Si-O-Al bonds is inevitable.The stability of Cu ions and the stability of the SAPO framework were positively correlated at relatively low Cu loadings.However,a high Cu loading(e.g.,3.67wt%)resulted in a significant decrease in the number of isolated Cu ions.Aggregation of CuO particles also occurred during the LTST,which accounts for the decreasing NH3oxidation activities of the catalysts.Among the catalysts,Cu‐SAPO‐34with a high Si content and medium Cu content(1.37wt%)showed the lowest decrease in NH3‐SCR because its Cu2+content was well retained and its acid density was well preserved.