中文摘要：

【目的】研究不同增氧模式对水稻光合特性和物质生产的影响，并探讨适宜不同生态型水稻品种生长以及提高其产量的增氧模式，进一步明确稻田根部增氧对水稻生长的作用，为水稻好氧栽培提供参考和理论依据。【方法】以中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻)3种不同生态型水稻品种为材料，设置增施过氧化钙(T1)、微纳气泡水灌溉(T2)和表土湿润灌溉(T3)等不同增氧模式以及淹水对照(CK)，分别测定水稻叶片光合特性、干物质积累量和产量等指标。【结果】增施过氧化钙和微纳气泡水灌溉处理增加了3个水稻品种主要生育期的叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和干物质量，水稻有效穗数和结实率显著高于对照；表土湿润灌溉处理下，3个品种的叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、光合参数和干物质量下降，结实率显著低于对照，但提高了叶片水分利用率。完熟期，增施过氧化钙处理下，中浙优1号、IR45765-3B和中旱221稻谷产量分别较对照增加了22.38%、18.27%和18.17%；微纳气泡水灌溉处理下，3个品种稻谷产量分别较对照增加了13.89%、10.67%和8.85%；表土湿润灌溉处理下，产量分别比对照减少5.86%、8.19%和6.16%。【结论】增施过氧化钙和微纳气泡水灌溉有助于提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和光合作用能力，并显著增加水稻干物质积累和产量；而表土湿润灌溉处理下，水稻水分供应不足，叶片光合作用及产量均有所下降。

英文摘要：

【Objective】The objective is to reveal the effects of different aeration methods on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production of rice,and to determine the suitable aeration method for the growth and improvement of grain yield of rice.The results will contribute to the understanding of the role of root aeration on rice growth,and provide a reference and a theoretical basis for aerobic cultivation of rice【.Method】Three rice varieties falling into different ecotypes,Zhongzheyou1(lowland rice),IR45765-3B(deep-water rice)and Zhonghan221(upland rice),were used to study the effects of aeration methods on rice photosynthetic characteristics and yield.Under such four oxygen enrichment treatments as calcium peroxide application(T1),micro-bubble aerated water irrigation(T2),water-controlled irrigation(T3)and water-logging(control).【Result】T1and T2increased the leaf SPAD value,leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and dry matter accumulation of the three rice varieties during the main growth stages,and significantly improved the effective panicle numbers and seed setting rate.Compared with the control,the SPAD value,leaf area index,photosynthetic parameters and dry matter weight were decreased in T3,and the seed setting rate also significantly dedined,but the water use efficiency of leaves was increased.At full ripe stage,compared with the control the grain yield of Zhongzheyou1,IR45765-3B and Zhonghan221increased by22.38%,18.27%and18.17%,respectively,in T1and by13.89%,10.67%and8.85%,respectively,in T2.However,it was5.86%,8.19%and6.16%,respectively,lower than that of control in T3,with considerable differences between treatments.【Conclusion】T1and T2retarded leaf senescence,and improved leaf area index and photosynthetic capacity,and significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and yield of rice.The main reason for the decline of photosynthesis and yield of rice under T3was the shortage of water supply.