中文摘要：

文章论述了荒漠地衣与＂沙漠生物地毯工程＂。在沙坡头结皮微型生物中发现了23种地衣,其中两个新种已发表,一属6种为中国新记录。对于在腾格里沙漠东南角沙坡头地区人工植被固沙防护体系建成后的生态演替进行了分析。由于人工植被为形成结皮的微型生物提供了适宜的生长环境而导致微型生物结皮的形成和发育。在水分平衡规律的作用下漫长生态演替过程中,具有抽水机效应的人工植被使沙土深层水分消耗殆尽,从而导致人工植被自身逐年衰退。然而,与此相反的是无抽水机效应而具有固沙、固碳和抗旱功能的结皮微型生物却逐年形成并发育。这一结果为借助于结皮微型生物的接种技术在干旱沙漠构建＂沙漠生物地毯工程＂的可行性提供了科学依据。为了优化＂沙漠生物地毯工程＂利用荒漠地衣耐旱基因以构建转基因草地植物的研究也正在进行中。该研究是＂沙漠生物地毯工程＂基础研究的组成部分。

英文摘要：

This paper is dealt with the desert lichens and bio-carpet engineering. Twenty three lichens in the crustmicrobiota of Shapotou Desert Research Station （SDRS） of CAS are reported in this paper. Among them 2 species new toscience and have been published earlier, 1 genus and 6 species are new to China. The ecological succession after theestablishment of the artificial vegetation protection system in the Shapotou region of the southeast fringe of the TenggerDesert was analyzed. The artificial vegetation provided a habitat suitable to developing the microbiotic crusts formed bycrust microbiota including cyanobacteria, lichens, mosses etc. The artificiathe deep soil water during the long process of ecological succession by thevegetaactiontion with water pump effect expendedof the water balance, and led itself todecline. On the contrary, the crust microbiota without water pump effect and with the function of drought resistance,sand and carbon fixation developed well. Such a result provided a scientific basis for the feasibility of constructing＂bio-carpet engineering＂ on the arid desert. By means of the technique of isolation and inoculation of the crustmicrobiota, the lichen Endocarpon pusillum as one of the species resources for the ＂bio-carpet engineering＂ is selectedA study of the drought resistant transgenic sward plants using the drought resistant genes from the desert lichens iscarried out to improve the ＂bio-carpet engineering＂.