中文摘要：

铊是一个典型性的毒害重金属元素，对哺乳动物的毒害性高于Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu等元素，还具有一定的蓄积性。铊广泛地分布在自然界水体中，分布极为不均，通常在环境水体中铊有两种化学价态：一价和三价，但多以Tl（Ⅰ）形式存在和迁移，在较强氧化条件下，Tl（Ⅰ）可以转化为Tl（Ⅲ）。由于水溶性好，铊易随着地下水或地表水的流动而迁移到较速的地方，从而造成更大范围的水体铊污染。铊可通过饮用水或水体中鱼贝等动物进入人体，危害人们的生命安全，故须引起人们的重视。

英文摘要：

Thallium is an element with a greater toxicity than mercury, cadmium, lead, copper for mammals, and it has some accumulation. Thallium widely dispersed in waters, with different concentration in different region. Generally, thallium exits two oxidation states in waters： Tl^＋ and Tl^3＋. Under strongly oxidizing conditions, Tl （Ⅰ） may be oxidized into TI （Ⅲ）, but Tl （Ⅰ is generally the dominant species in aqueous environment. Thallium may move readily with ground water and surface water, consequently make more waters being polluted. Moreover, thallium may enter human body through drinking water, fish, Shell-fish and so on. Because of the high toxicity of thallium, the study of thallium hazard issues related to the environment waters should get more attention.