中文摘要：

采用田间试验结合15 N同位素示踪,研究有机无机肥配施对浙江省杭嘉湖平原稻田氮素利用率及环境效应的影响,结果表明：在施氮量150kg/hm2基础上,加施有机肥3 000kg/hm2,稻谷增产9.8%～17.7%,氮素利用率达到47.9%,比单施化肥提高4.8%。而在施氮量210kg/hm2的基础上增施有机肥,稻谷产量及氮素利用率均呈下降趋势。硝态氮是稻田土壤氮素损失的主要形式,施用有机肥能有效地降低氮素损失率。在施氮量150kg/hm2基础上配施有机肥,氮素通过田间径流的流失率由0.85%降至0.70%,氮素通过渗漏水损失率由1.29%降至0.96%;施氮量达到210kg/hm2后,施用有机肥对减少氮素流失的效果不明显。综合考虑试验点土壤特性、施肥目标产量以及对农田环境污染的潜在风险,建议以每1hm2施用纯氮150kg、配施3 000kg有机肥较为适宜。

英文摘要：

The effect of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on N use efficiency（NUE） in paddy fields and the environmental effects in Hang jiahu area were studied by field experiments and 15N isotopic tracer.The results showed that combined use of 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure improved the yield of rice by 9.8%~17.7%.The N use efficiency was 47.9%,and 4.8% higher than that of chemical fertilizers only.While combination of 210 kg/hm2 nitrogen and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure decreased the rice yield and NUE.Nitrate was the main type of nitrogen loss in paddy field.The applying of organic manure could effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen.On the condition of N application at the rate of 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen,addition of 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure reduced the rate of nitrogen loss from 0.85% to 0.70% through runoff,and from 1.29% to 0.96% through leaching.When the nitrogen application was increased to 210 kg/hm2,addition of organic manure had no remarkable effects on reduceing the nitrogen loss.Based on the soil properties tested,the target rice yield to be obtained and the potential environmental impact,a combination of 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure with 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen for the Hangjiahu area was recommended.