目的探讨伴与不伴学习困难(LD)的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童内隐视觉空间注意的特点。方法选取2012年4月至2014年5月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)ADHD诊断标准儿童49例(伴LD 21例、不伴LD 28例);选取与其年龄、性别匹配的正常儿童21例。采用反映高度自动化的被动内隐视觉空间注意Pop-out视觉搜索任务比较3组反应时(RT)、正确率和个体内反应时标准差(ISD)。结果 (1)RT(左、右视野):ADHD伴LD组为[(746.1±135.0)ms、(740.9±139.5)ms]、ADHD不伴LD组为[(664.9±150.0)ms、(650.7±144.6)ms]、正常对照组为[(623.7±133.0)ms、(607.7±128.6)ms],均表现为对左视野目标反应慢于右视野(P均〈0.05)。ADHD伴LD组RT[(743.5±137.3)ms]大于不伴LD组[(657.8±147.3)ms]以及正常儿童[(615.7±130.8)ms],差异均有统计学意义(P均〈0.05)。(2)正确率:3组正确率差异无统计学意义。(3)ISD:ADHD伴LD组[(240.4±72.2)ms]和ADHD不伴LD组[(203.9±72.8)ms]ISD均大于正常儿童[(163.4±62.6)ms],差异均有统计学意义(P均〈0.05)。结论伴与不伴LD的ADHD儿童注意力状态均不稳定,波动性增大,ADHD伴LD儿童加工速度缺陷比不伴LD者严重,提示伴LD的ADHD儿童视觉空间注意功能受损更严重。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of covert reflexive visual spatial attention in children with atten- tion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without learning disabilities (LD). Methods Totally 21 ADHD with LD and 28 ADHD without LD meeting the criteria of DSM- 1V, and 21 age-gender-matched normal children, were re- cruited to perform the pop-out visual search task. Then reaction time (RT), accuracy rate and intra-individual standard deviation of RT(ISD)were compared among the three groups. Results ( 1 )RT:the ADHD with LD[ (746.1±135.0) ms, (740.9±139.5) ms] ;ADHD without LD[ (664.9±150.0) ms, (650.7±144.6) ms] ;normal group[ (623.7±133.0) ms, (607.7± 128.6) ms] ;all responded more slowly to targets emerged at the left visual field (LVF) than right visual field (RVF) (P 〈 0.05 ). The ADHD with LD group responded more slowly than the ADHD without LD [ (743.5± 137.3 ) ms vs. (657.8±147.3) ms,P=0.036]and normal children[ (743.5±137.3) ms vs.(615.7±130.8) ms,P〈0.05].(2) Aceuracy rate: no significant differences in accuracy rate were observed among the three groups. (3) ISD: the RT in ADHD with LD [ (240.4±72.2) ms, (163.4±62.6) ms, P 〈 0.05 ] and without LD [ (203.9±72.8) ms, (163.4±62.6) ms, P 〈 0.05 ] were both more variable than in normal children. Con- ehtsion Whether with LD or not, the attention fluctua- tion significantlY increases in the children with ADHD. The deficit in processing speed in ADHD with LD is more severe than ADHD without LD, suggesting that the deficit in visual spatial attention is more sever in ADHD with LD.