中文摘要：

本文依据采购-储存-运输三点决策过程,将现实中复杂的救灾物资供应网络解构为8类直线型物资供应链。构建了以最小化社会损失为首要目标的救灾物资供应网络的结构优化模型,该模型可在救灾行动绩效不降低的情况下,给出最优的最低成本物资供应链组合,或在成本不增加的情况下,得到最优的最大救灾行动绩效物资供应链组合。以5.30盈江地震为对象,利用真实数据对优化模型进行了验证,并在此基础上对不同情境下的优化结果进行了对比分析。研究发现,物资类型和地区类型变化会改变救灾物资供应网络的最优结构,但物资需求量的变化并不会显著改变救灾物资供应网络的最优结构,而只影响供应链的增减和物资承载量的增减。本研究厘清了救灾物资供应网络的构成和流程,为进一步优化奠定了基础,所提出的优化模型既可用于应急条件下救灾物资供应网络的即时构建,又可为和平时期救灾物资储备体系的建设提供方向性指导。

英文摘要：

Along with the increasing frequency of natural and man-made disasters all over the world,the demand for relief supplies has been accelerating in the last decade.When disasters strike a certain area,non-for-profit organizations（NGOs）will purchase relief supplies from suppliers and/or collect donations from donators,then deliver relief supplies to disaster-affected areas to help victims.In practice,however,the relief logistics suffers a serious delay,along with an enormous social and economic loss.The unreasonablestructure of the relief supply is a major reason.Therefore,it＇s necessary to study the relief supply network and explore its structure optimization.Towards this end,a complex relief supply network is deconstructed into 8linear relief supply chains based on the purchase-warehousing-transportation decisionmaking process.This deconstruction method has three features：（i）completeness,the universal set of all substructures is the general structure;（ii）independence,every substructure is of independence and doesn＇t include or affect other substructures;and（iii）integrity,every substructure includes complete process and decisions of a relief effort.Afterwards,a structure optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal combination of relief supply chains to minimize the social loss of a relief operation.The purpose of the model is to obtain the minimum-cost supply chains combination without deteriorating the relief performance or the maximum-performance supply chains combination without increasing the monetary cost.Moreover,the proposed model is verified by the real data acquired from 5.30 YingJiang Earthquake in 2014.Different structure optimization results are compared and analyzed by adjusting parameters or changing external conditions.The comparison and analysis suggest that the types of relief supplies and affected areas have significant effect on the optimal network structure,while the demand quantity of relief supplies has little effect on the network structure.This study clarifies