中文摘要：

随着网络规模的迅速膨胀及其复杂性的增加，网络测量受到越来越多的重视。根据测量方式，可把网络测量分为主动测量和被动测量两大类。对这两类测量方式的原理及各自的优缺点分别阐述并进行比较，特别强调了采用每种测量方式所需注意的安全问题，同时剖析了国内外相关领域的研究现状，并通过一个实例具体讲述这两种测量方式在实践中的应用。

英文摘要：

With Internet expanding in quantity and complexity, network measurement becomes more and more important. According to measurement mode, network measurement could be classified into the following two categories：active measurement and passive measurement. In this paper, the principles of the two measurement modes are explored. The strong and weak points are given. The security aspects are accentuated. The development of the relative research field is introduced. And the theory is expatiated through an exact example.