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中文摘要：
水稻是中国最重要的粮食作物,稻田是温室气体甲烷（CH4）的主要排放源。在实现水稻持续增产、确保粮食安全的同时,能否降低稻作能耗和温室气体排放,是建立可持续稻作系统的关键。为此,依据多年研究总结并结合生产调研及文献分析,阐明了稻田直接与间接节能减排的基本涵义和重要意义,系统评价了保护性耕作、浸润灌溉和精确施肥等关键技术的节能减排效应。最后针对中国东北一熟区、长江中下游水旱轮作区和南方双季稻区三大水稻主产区的作物生产特点,归纳总结出了稻田节能减排的三大主体模式,并就科技支撑和生态补偿等方面提出了加强稻田节能减排的理论研究与技术推广、建立稻田节能减排的生态补偿机制以及加强宣传提高生产者的节能减排意识等政策建议。
英文摘要：
Rice is the most important grain crop in China, and the paddy field is one of the main sources of methane （CH4）. It is essential that we should sustain the increase of rice yield under the energy-saving condition and at the same time limiting the emission of methane. This paper reviews the studies on direct/indirect energy-saving and emission-mitigating in the paddy field, emphasizing their importance to food security, soil quality improvement and prosperity of farmer＇s living standards. The comprehensive effects of conservational fanning system, infiltrating irrigation and efficient fertilization on energy-saving and emission-mitigation are assessed. Three types of rice cropping systems with energy-saving and emission -mitigation are identified in the context of the characteristics of Chinese rice cropping regions, and some incentive polieies are suggested in view of energy-saving and emission- mitigation in high yield rice production. More attentions should be paid to technology support system, as well as the construction of ecological compensation mechanism for energy-saving and emission mitigation. Moreover, some measures should be taken to cultivate the awareness of rice producers on energy saving and emission reduction in high yield rice production.
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