中文摘要：

具有精确形状的聚合物粒子已经被广泛应用到各个研究领域,尤其是在设计新型载药系统时,微米或纳米非球形聚合物粒子在药物释放、体内传输、循环、靶向能力、被巨噬细胞内吞的速率以及细胞膜上的黏附作用等多方面都比相应的球形粒子表现出更加明显的优越性。因此能够制备出特定形状的非球形粒子作为药物载体可以提高综合疗效。但是,目前在微米或纳米粒子研究中,球形体系的研究一直占主导地位,所以有必要将微米及纳米非球形聚合物粒子的制备方法进行总结。本文详细介绍了14种微米及纳米非球形聚合物粒子的制备方法（包括微流体通道法、球形粒子拉伸法、微孔硅石法、模板与粒子自组装法、非润湿模板复形法、反应离子刻蚀法、电喷法、离子束辐射法、种子聚合相分离法、细乳液聚合法、界面部分修饰法、两亲高分子自组装法、水包油乳液溶剂蒸发法、Y形状表面活性剂法等）及各自的优缺点。

英文摘要：

Precisely shaped polymer particles are widely used for various applications,especially in the design of new carriers for drug delivery,micro-or nano-nonspherical polymer particles exhibit more obvious advantages to their corresponding spherical particles,such as in the drug release,in vivo transportation,circulation,targeting ability,the swallow speed by the cells,and the adhesion behavior on vascular wall.If we can prepare the nonspherical particles with specific shape for the drug carriers,it will greatly enhance in vivo therapy efficiency.But in the particle research field,until now,spherical system research is in the dominate position,so it＇s necessary to summarize the preparation methods of the micro-or nano-nonspherical polymer particles.In this review,14 preparation methods（microfluidics,stretching of spherical particles,porous silica,template and particles self-assembly,particle replication in nonwetting templates,reactive ion etching,electrospray,ion beam irradiation,controlled phase separation in seeded polymerization,miniemulsion polymerization,local surface modification at the Interface,amphiphilic macromolecule self-assembly,oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation technique,Y-shape surfactant） as well as their advantages and disadvantages of micro-or nano-nonspherical polymer particles are introduced in detail.These methods could be joined up to prepare more complex shapes.