中文摘要：

为了检验低能见度条件下驾驶人安全驾驶量表的信度效度,应用实地调查和网络调查方法对314名驾驶员进行测试,将所得数据进行因素分析和信效度的检验。结果表明,1安全驾驶量表由驾驶人行为量表和驾驶能力量表两个部分组成,共包含28个题项,由违规行为、错误行为、失误行为、技术性驾驶能力以及危险感知能力等5个因素构成;2总量表的内部一致性系数达到0.82,并且两分量表内部一致性系数分别为0.88和0.95,具有较好的稳定性;3年龄与违规行为得分呈负相关（r=-0.12）;驾龄与错误行为得分呈负相关（r=-0.13）,但与技术性驾驶能力及危险感知能力得分呈正相关（r=0.21、r=0.15）;年平均行驶里程与技术性驾驶能力和危险感知能力得分呈正相关（r=0.13、r=0.14）;2015年总扣分与违规行为和失误行为得分呈正相关（r=0.16、r=0.14）,与危险感知能力得分呈负相关（r=-0.12）;驾驶员是否在低能见度条件下发生过交通事故则分别与违规行为、错误行为以及失误行为得分呈正相关（r=0.31、r=0.14、r=0.19）;最低能见度范围对驾驶人的影响主要集中在违规行为、技术性驾驶能力以及危险感知能力。该量表较为完整地反映了驾驶员行驶在低能见度环境中的安全驾驶行为,并具有良好的信度及效度,同时也更加符合中国的交通规则及文化特征,可以为后续研究中国驾驶人低能见度安全驾驶提供可靠的度量基础。

英文摘要：

In order to verify the reliability and validity of the safety driving scale under low visibili-ty, combining field and internet survey, a total of 314 drivers were investigated by the safety driving scale. Factor analysis and reliability and validity tests were performed by SPSS19. 0. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Driver behavior questionnaire and driving ability scale made up the total safety driving scale. The safety driving scale consisted of 28 items, which contained 5 dimensions： viola-tion, mistake, fault, technical driving ability and risk perception. 2. The internal consistency coeffi-cient, Cronbach’s α, of the total scale reached 0. 82, and Cronbach’sαof the 2 subscale were 0. 88 and 0. 95, respectively, which indicated that the scale had a good stability. 3. The age was negative-ly correlated with the score of violation （ r=-0. 12 ） . Driving experience was negatively correlated with the score of mistake （ r=-0. 13 ） but positively correlated with the scores of technical driving a-bility and risk perception （ r=0. 21 , r=0. 15 ） . Yearly mileage was positively correlated with the scores of technical driving ability and risk perception （ r=0. 13 , r=0. 14 ） . Totally deducted points in 2015 were positively correlated with the scores of violation and fault （ r=0. 16 , r=0. 14 ） and negatively correlated with the score of risk perception （r=-0. 12）. Whether drivers had experienced visibility related crash was positively correlated with the scores of violation, mistake, fault （ r=0. 31, r=0. 14, r=0. 19）. The range of visibility has a significant impact on violation, technical driving ability and risk perception. The safety driving scale is relatively reflects the drivers’ safety driving behaviors under low visibility, and it has good reliability and validity. It also conforms Chi-nese cultural background and traffic rules, and provides a reliable measurement foundation for follow-up study.