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中文摘要：
以黑龙江省近50年来第1积温带大面积种植的8个典型春玉米品种为材料，于2009-2010年进行密度和施肥的田间试验，比较不同年代主栽品种氮肥偏生产力（PFP）、氮肥农学效率（NAE）、氮肥吸收利用率（NRE）及主要器官氮含量对密度和氮素的响应差异。结果显示，1970s-2000s品种更替过程中，PFP和NRE呈递增趋势，增幅分别为每10年3．41kg kg^-1和2．26个百分点。NAE在1970s-1990s呈显著递增趋势，之后呈下降趋势。氮收获指数随年代递增呈显著下降趋势，平均每10年下降1．51个百分点；茎、叶和籽粒氮积累量随年代推进呈显著递增趋势，平均每10年分别递增0．09、0．07和0．12g株一；上述各主要指标在年代、密度和氮肥水平之间存在显著的互作效应。各年代品种的氮肥利用效率均随氮肥水平的提高而显著下降，随密度的增加呈抛物线形变化趋势，最高效率值出现在50000-70000株hm^-2范围内，现代品种的最高氮效率的种植密度高于老品种。各年代品种籽粒、叶片、茎氮素积累量和氮收获指数随密度增加呈显著递减趋势。各年代品种籽粒、茎和叶片氮素积累量随施氮量增加呈增加趋势，施氮量对氮收获指数影响各年代品种表现不同。上述结果表明，品种改良的氮肥增效潜力较大。在现有的品种状况下，增密不仅可以增产，而且可以显著提高肥料效率。
英文摘要：
In this study, eight typical maize hybrids released from 1970s to 2000s in Heilongjiang Province were selected to inves- tigate the responses of grain yield, nitrogen （N） partiai factor productivity （PFP）, N agronomic efficiency （NAE） and N recovery efficiency （NRE） to N application rate and plant density in 2009 and 2010. During the variety improvement period of 1970s-2000s, PFP and NRE increased significantly by 3.41 kg kg^-1 10 yr^-1 and 2.26 percent 10 yr^-1, respectively. NAE increased significantly from 1970 to 1990 and descended after 1990. N harvest index decreased significantly by 1.51 per cent 10 yr^-1. Grain N, stem N and leaf N accumulations rose significantly by 0.09, 0.07, and 0.12 g plant^-1 10 yr^-1. There were significant interactions among eras, plant densities and N application rates for above indicators. Nitrogen use efficiency exhibited decline trends with increasing N application rate and parabolic shape response to increasing plant density, and got the maximum in the population range of 50 000-70 000 plants ha-1. The theoretical optimal plant density for the maximal NUE was higher in newer hybrids thanin the older ones. Higher plant population led to decrease N accumulation and N harvest index in grain, stem and leaf for all hy- brids from different eras. Higher N application rate tended to promote N accumulation in grain, stem and leaf, but had different effects on N harvest index for hybrids from different eras. Compared to the varieties released abroad, there is a great potential in maize variety improvement for high-yield and high-NUE in Northeast China. According to the existing variety＇s traits, increasing plant density can enhance not only maize yield but also NUE.
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