中文摘要：

随着跨地域、跨部门、跨功能等协同处置需求增强，动态协同成为应急组织研究的热点．本文从系统理论的角度，借鉴分形的思想，将分形方法论引入非常规突发事件的组织系统理论研究中，以应急单元间的供需关系（demand—supply（DS））和授权．执行（delegation—todo（DT））关系为主线，生成了协同的应急组织分形元．分形元中的每个应急单元具有双重角色，既可以作为父分形元中应急任务的能力单元，也可以作为子分形元中应急任务的指挥单元，应急组织分形元间关系繁衍构建了分形应急组织模型．组织模型构建中，我们应用计算数学组织理论，以应急任务、应急能力单元和应急指挥单元为关键要素，构建了分形应急组织的优化模型．最后，我们以8．12天津港重大安全生产事故为例，说明了分形应急组织应对环境变化的灵活性和高效性．

英文摘要：

With the enhancement of the inter-regional, inter-sectoral, inter-functional coordination, dynamic collaboration becomes the focus of the emergency organization research. This paper from the viewpoint of system theory, using the fractal theory, introduce the fraetal method in the theoretical study of the unconventional emergency organization system, and generated the emergency organization fractal unit, which has the relationship of demand-supply （DS） and delegation-to do （DT） between emergency units. Each emergency unit play a dual role, which can be used as the emergency ability unit in parent fractal unit, also can be used as a emergency command unit in sub fractal unit. In the construction of the organization model, we apply the theory of computational mathematics organization theory, and take the emergency task, emergency ability units and emergency command unit as the key elements to construct the optimization model of fractal emergency organization. Finally, we use the 8.12 production safety accident in Tianjin port as an example, illustrates the the flexibility and efficiency of fractal emergency organization to deal with environmental change.