参考土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(et 0) 经常被用来在水平衡研究估计实际土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量。在这研究,礼品和未来,空间分布和在在中国的 Xiangjiang 河盆(XJRB ) 的 et 0 的时间的趋势被分析。 et 0用 FAO Penman-Monteith (粮农组织下午)与历史的气象学的数据在从 1961~2010 的时期期间被计算方法,当 et 0在从 2011~2100 的时期期间是从联合模型 Intercomparison 工程阶段的 downscaled 时,( CMIP5 ) 5 下面输出二种排放情形,代表性的集中小径 4.5 和代表性的集中小径 8.5 ( RCP45 和 RCP85 ),用统计 downscaling 模型( SDSM )。空间分发和 et 0 的时间的趋势与反的距离被解释加权(IDW ) 方法和 Mann-Kendall 分别地测试方法。结果显示出那:(1 ) XJRB 的吝啬的年度 et 0 是 1 ; 006.3mm 在从 1961 ~ 2010 的时期期间,并且最低、最高的价值分别地由于高纬度和气候的因素的空间分发在东北和西北部分被发现;(2 ) SDSM 表现很好在模仿现在的 et 0 和罐头被用来在 XJRB 预言未来 et 0 ;并且(3 ) CMIP5 从 2011 ~ 2100 在时期期间在 RCP45 和 RCP85 情形下面在年度 et 0 预言向上的趋势。与参考时期(1961-1990 ) 相比, et 0 在 RCP45 情形下面增加 9.8% , 12.6% ,和 15.6% 并且 10.2% , 19.1% ,和 27.3% 在 RCP85 情形下面在从 2011 ~ 2040 的时期期间,从 2041 ~ 2070,并且从 2071 ~ 2100 分别地。在 RCP85 情形下面的预言的增加的 et 0 在从 2011 ~ 2100 的时期期间在 RCP45 情形下面比那大。
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is often used to estimate actual evapotranspiration in water balance studies. In this study, the present and future spatial distributions and temporal trends of ETo in the Xiangjiang River Basin (XJRB) in China were analyzed. ETo during the period from 1961 to 2010 was calculated with historical meteorological data using the FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) method, while ETo during the period from 2011 to 2100 was downscaled from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) outputs under two emission scenarios, representative concentration pathway 4.5 and representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP45 and RCP85), using the statistical downscaling model (SDSM). The spatial distribution and temporal trend of ETo were interpreted with the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method and Mann-Kendall test method, respectively. Results show that: (1) the mean annual ETo of the XJRB is 1 006.3 mm during the period from 1961 to 2010, and the lowest and highest values are found in the northeast and northwest parts due to the high latitude and spatial distribution of climatic factors, respectively; (2) the SDSM performs well in simulating the present ETo and can be used to predict the future ETo in the XJRB; and (3) CMIP5 predicts upward trends in annual ETo under the RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios during the period from 2011 to 2100. Compared with the reference period (1961-1990), ETo increases by 9.8%, 12.6%, and 15.6% under the RCP45 scenario and 10.2%, 19.1%, and 27.3% under the RCP85 scenario during the periods from 2011 to 2040, from 2041 to 2070, and from 2071 to 2100, respectively. The predicted increasing ETo under the RCP85 scenario is greater than that under the RCP45 scenario during the period from 2011 to 2100.