中文摘要：

结直肠癌是目前世界范围内致死率极高的一种恶性肿瘤,发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。当v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物（v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,K-Ras）基因突变时患者极易出现复发和转移,严重影响了直结肠癌的治疗进程。耐药是肿瘤治疗中的主要问题,K-Ras基因突变型直结肠癌的耐药问题尤其突出,且目前缺少有效的治疗对策。随着对K-Ras基因突变后,肿瘤耐药、复发和转移机制研究的增多,直结肠癌分子标志物不断被发现,新型药物及相应的联合用药方案不断出现,K-Ras突变型直结肠癌的治疗也愈来愈趋向合理化,但其中仍存在许多问题。因此,本文将就K-Ras突变型结直肠癌的研究近况,从其突变特征、治疗难点、研究突破和未来预测等方面对K-Ras基因突变型直结肠癌的研究进展进行综述,希望能为后续临床治疗和研究提供一些有用参考。

英文摘要：

Colorectal cancer is currently one of the carcinomas with high- mortality in the world, and its incidence is increasing year by year. In the course of treatment, the patients with colorectal cancer prone to metastasis and recurrence because of the presence of v-Ki- ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （K-Ras） gene mutations, which seriously limits the treatment of colorectal cancer. Drug resistance is a major problem in oncotherapy, which is more prominent in the treatment of K-Ras-mutated colorectal cancer, and the effective treatment strategies are still lacked in present. With the increase of reports about the formation mechanisms of drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis, as well as the discovery of molecular biomarkers in colorectal cancer with K-Ras gene mutations, the new drugs and the corresponding combination regimens appear constantly. Furthermore, the therapy of K-Ras-mutated colorectal cancer is more rational, but there are still many problems. Therefore, this paper focuses on the lasted studies on colorectal cancer with K-Ras-mutations, and reviews the progress in K-Ras mutation characteristics, treatment difficulties and research breakthroughs as well as the future prediction, hoping to provide some useful references for the subsequent clinical treatment and research.