中文摘要：

兽药抗生素广泛应用于畜禽养殖业，用于预防、治疗动物疾病及促进动物生长。然而，养殖过程中使用的抗生素不能被动物完全吸收，其中40％～90％以母体或其代谢物的形式排出动物体外并随畜禽粪便进入土壤环境，对土壤微生物群落结构和功能产生影响。在汇总了畜禽粪便和土壤中兽药抗生素的残留特征之后，概述了抗生素对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响以及微生物产生的污染诱导群落耐性。重点探讨了抗生素微生物毒性的影响因素和近年来对微生物共耐性方面的研究，并对未来的研究方向及目标提出了建议。

英文摘要：

Veterinary antibiotics （VAs） are widely used in livestock industry to cure animal diseases or pro- mote animal growth. However, they can not be absorbed completely in the digestive tract of animals. Approxi- mately 40% -90% of VAs will be excreted as parent compound or their metabolites. VAs were accumulated in the agricultural softs with manure application, which potentially impacted soil microbial community or promoted the emergence of resistant bacteria in the soft. In this paper, the situation of VAs residual levels in animal ex- creta and softs were reviewed. In addition, antibiotics residuals in soil system caused the adverse impacts on structure and function of soil microbial community, as well as pollution-induced community tolerance （PICT） of microbial community were summarized. Furthermore, the key factors that may influence the microbial toxicity of antibiotics and co-tolerance of microbial community were particularly discussed. On the basis of current studies on the VAs, the tendency for the future research in this field was discussed .