本文应用全细胞膜片钳记录技术、可视化动缘探测系统及细胞内钙测定系统和多道生理信号采集处理系统,研究藜芦定(veratridine,VER)对家兔心室肌细胞持续钠电流(persistent sodium current,INa.P)、Na^+/Ca^2+交换电流(Na^+/Ca^2+exchange current,INCX)、钙瞬变及动作电位(action potential,AP)的影响,并探讨其引起细胞内Ca^2+超载和增强心肌收缩的发生机制。结果显示,给予心室肌细胞10、20μmol/LVER后,INa.P和反向INCX电流密度均增大,再加入4μmol/L河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)后,INa.P和反向INCX电流密度均又明显减小。在另一组实验中,特异性INa.P阻断剂雷喏嗪(ranolazine,RAN)也明显抑制由VER诱导增大的INa.P和反向INCX。加入2.5μmol/LVER后,心室肌细胞最大收缩速率、收缩幅度和钙瞬变基线(舒张期Ca^2+浓度)均增大,加入2μmol/LTTX后上述三项指标均明显减小。VER(20μmol/L)可使心室肌细胞AP复极至50%(action potential duration at 50% repolarization,APD50)和90%的时间(action potential duration at 90% repolarization,APD90)延长,其中3例出现早期后除极(early after depolarizations,EADs),加入4μmol/LTTX后APD50、APD90均明显缩短,3例EADs均消失。实验结果提示:(1)VER作为特异性INa.P的开放剂,可引起心室肌细胞INa.P增大而产生细胞内Na+超载,继而通过反向INCX的增大导致细胞内Ca^2+超载。(2)由VER诱导增大的心室肌细胞INa.P还可引起心室肌细胞APD延长,诱发EADs。(3)TTX对由VER引起的上述指标的异常变化均有明显抑制作用,说明上述指标的异常变化是由INa.P增大所引起。以上结果表明,VER作为INa.P的开放剂,通过增大INa.P而引起反向INCX增强,最终导致细胞内Ca^2+超载和APD异常延长。
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of veratridine(VER) on persistent sodium current(I Na.P),Na^+ /Ca^2+ exchange current(I NCX),calcium transients and the action potential(AP) in rabbit ventricular myocytes,and to explore the mechanism in intracellular calcium overload and myocardial contraction enhancement by using whole-cell patch clamp recording technique,visual motion edge detection system,intracellular calcium measurement system and multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system.The results showed that I Na.P and reverse I NCX in ventricular myocytes were obviously increased after giving 10,20 μmol/L VER,with the current density of I Na.P increasing from(0.22±0.12) to(0.61±0.13) and(2.15±0.14) pA/pF(P〈0.01,n=10) at 20 mV,and that of reverse I NCX increasing from(1.62±0.12) to(2.19±0.09) and(2.58±0.11) pA/pF(P〈0.05,n=10) at +50 mV.After adding 4 μmol/L tetrodotoxin(TTX),current density of I Na.P and reverse I NCX returned to(0.07±0.14) and(1.69±0.15) pA/pF(P〈0.05,n=10).Another specific blocker of I Na.P,ranolazine(RAN),could obviously inhibit VER-increased I Na.P and reverse I NCX.After giving 2.5 μmol/L VER,the maximal contraction rate of ventricular myocytes increased from(0.91±0.29) to(1.53±0.29) μm/s(P〈0.01,n=7),the amplitude of contraction increased from(0.10±0.04) to(0.16±0.04) μm(P〈0.05,n=7),and the baseline of calcium transients(diastolic calcium concentration) increased from(1.21±0.08) to(1.37±0.12)(P〈0.05,n=7).After adding 2 μmol/L TTX,the maximal contraction rate and amplitude of ventricular myocytes decreased to(0.86±0.24) μm/s and(0.09±0.03) μm(P〈0.01,n=7) respectively.And the baseline of calcium transients reduced to(1.17±0.09)(P〈0.05,n=7).VER(20 μmol/L) could extend action potential duration at 50% repolarization(APD 50) and at 90% repolarization(APD 90) in ventr