中文摘要：

目的：回顾性分析儿科住院腹泻患儿轮状病毒（RV ）感染的好发季节、年龄分布、性别差异，以了解RV的感染现状，为预防和控制婴幼儿腹泻提供理论依据。方法2010年3月-2012年3月共收集2400例腹泻患儿的粪便标本，对其进行粪便常规及RV抗原检测，并比较检测结果，采用SPSS15．0软件进行统计分析，阳性率的比较采用χ2检验。结果2400例腹泻患儿粪便标本中有1239例A种RV结果阳性，阳性率为51．6％，男、女性阳性率分别53．6％和49．3％，差异无统计学意义；0～6、6～12、12～24、24～36、36～60月龄的腹泻患儿A种RV阳性率分别为26．2％、68．1％、60．5％、40．9％、28．7％，其中6～12龄月和12～24月龄组腹泻患儿A种RV的阳性率明显高于其他各年龄组，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）；A种RV感染季节分布明显，以每年10、11、12及1月份为发病高峰，其阳性率分别为64．8％、69．5％、69．4％、64．9％；腹泻患儿A种RV感染的粪便性状以蛋花样及黄色水样便为主，分别占41．3％、31．9％。结论轮状病毒是腹泻患儿的主要病原体，6～24月婴幼儿是其易感人群，并以秋、冬季好发，粪便性状多为蛋花样或黄色水样便。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate morbidity seasonality ,age distribution and sexual variation of rotavirus （RV） infection in diarrhea children ,so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of RV diarrhea in children .METHODS A total of 2 ,400 stool specimens ,collected from diarrhea children from Mar 2010 to Mar 2012 ,were tested by rotavirus antigen and stool routine ,and the results were compared with each other .SPSS 15 .0 software was adopted for statistical analysis , and the positive rates were compared by chi-square test . RESULTS A total of 1 ,239 cases were detected positire for group A rotavirus antigen in all the 2 ,400 stools ,and the positive rate was 51 .6% .The positive rates of males and females were 53 .6% and 49 .3% respectively ,and the sexual variation was not significantly different （P＆gt;0 .05） .The positive rates of rotavirus in group A children aged 0~6 months ,6~12 months ,12~24 months ,24~36 months ,36~60 months were 26 .2% ,68 .1% , 60 .5% ,40 .9% and 28 .7% respectively ,and the positive rates among diarrhea children aged 6~12 months and 12~24 months were significantly higher than other ages（P＆lt;0 .05） .The group A rotavirus infection was obvious-ly different from season to season .The peak season continued for four months from Oct to Jan each year ,and the positive rate of each month was 64 .8% ,69 .5% ,69 .4% and 64 .9% respectively .The stool patterns of diarrhea children with rotavirus infection in group A were major egg flakes and yellow watery ,which occupied 41 .3% and 31 .9% respectively .CONCLUSION The rotavirus is the principal pathogen among local diarrhea children ,and the infection ratio is the highest in children aged 6~24 months old .The peak seasons are autumn and winter ,and the stool patterns are major egg flakes and yellow watery .