中文摘要：

伊壁鸠鲁哲学作为马克思唯物主义的发端，将唯心主义的“神力”置于远离人类的“外空”，从而还原人类的自由领地，将人类与自然界理解为普遍联系、相互依存和作为同一整体的物质世界。马克思同时发现具有社会属性的劳动异化和具有生物物理属性的自然异化，双重异化造成人类与自然界的新陈代谢断裂。恢复新陈代谢平衡的出路是走向联合，但实践没有给出传统公有制可行的明证。不可能通过变革所有制途径解决生态危机，而应是在一切可能情况下实施广泛的生态治理合作。布哈林悲剧的启示在于任何政府或者政治家均可能突破生态责任约束，因而需要在体制内构造防止生态问题被“忽略”的硬核与保护带。

英文摘要：

Epicurus＇ s philosophy was the origin of Marxist materialism. By locating idealistic ＂divine power＂ in the faraway ＂outer space＂, his philosophy restored the free domain of human beings and recognized humanity and nature as an integrated universally-tied and mutually-dependent physical world. Meanwhile Marx discovered that labour alienation is social but natural alienation is biological and physical, which causes the breakage between human beings and nature in metastasis. Recovering metastatic balance calls for alliance between the two, hut practice doesn＇ t offer any prominent evidence for feasibility of traditional public ownership. Thus it is improbable to settle ecological crisis by transforming ownership. The motivation of human cooperation comes from carrying out extensive cooperation in managing ecology under all likely circumstances so as to cope with the common crisis. Bukharin＇s tragedy reminds us that any government or politician is likely to break the constraint of ecological responsibility, so it is necessary to establish a hard nucleus and protection zone in the system against ecological issue ＂being neglected＂.