中文摘要：

面包小麦(Triticum aestivum， AABBDD ) allohexaploid 种从二轮种间的杂交被导出。双 Aegilops tauschii 的一个高质量的染色体顺序集会，小麦 D 染色体的施主，将提供一个有用平台学习多倍体小麦进化。分享的用绳子拖的平底渡船和下一代的定序技术的一条联合途径被采用从 Ae 的短手臂定序 3176 用绳子拖的平底渡船克隆的最小的并列路径(MTP ) 。tauschii 染色体 3 (At3DS ) 。最后的集会 135 与 4.2 Mb 的 N50 超级支架被用来与 2222 预言的编码蛋白质的基因的一个总数造 247-Mb pseudomolecule。与米饭， Brachypodium，和蜀黍的 orthologous 区域相比， At3DS 包含 38.67% 更多的基因。与 At3DS 相比，小麦染色体 3B (Ta3BS ) 的短手臂顺序是在尺寸大的 95-Mb，它主要由于 non-centromeric 区域的扩大，建议在 Ta3B 的 transposable 元素(TE ) 爆炸多半发生在那里。另外，尺寸增加被 Ta3BS 的基因数字的比例的增加伴随。我们发现在小麦染色体 3D (Ta3DS ) 的短手臂的顺序，仅仅与 At3DS 相比有不到 0.27% 基因损失。我们的学习揭示草染色体的分叉的进化并且在多倍体小麦染色体提供新卓见进顺序变化。

英文摘要：

Bread wheat （Triticum aestivum, AABBDD） is an allohexaploid species derived from two rounds of interspecific hybridizations. A high-quality genome sequence assembly of diploid Aegilops tauschii, the donor of the wheat D genome, will provide a useful platform to study polyploid wheat evolution. A combined approach of BAC pooling and next-generation sequencing technology was employed to sequence the minimum tiling path （MTP） of 3176 BAC clones from the short arm ofAe. tauschii chromosome 3 （At3DS）. The final assembly of 135 super-scaffolds with an N50 of 4.2 Mb was used to build a 247-Mb pseudomolecule with a total of 2222 predicted protein-coding genes. Compared with the orthologous regions of rice, Brachypodium, and sorghum, At3DS contains 38.67% more genes. In comparison to At3DS, the short arm sequence of wheat chromosome 3B （Ta3BS） is 95-Mb large in size, which is primarily due to the expansion of the non-centromeric region, suggesting that transposable element （TE） bursts in Ta3B likely occurred there. Also, the size increase is accompanied by a proportional increase in gene number in Ta3BS. We found that in the sequence of short arm of wheat chromosome 3D （Ta3DS）, there was only less than 0.27% gene loss compared to At3DS. Our study reveals divergent evolution of grass genomes and provides new insights into sequence changes in the polyploid wheat genome.