中文摘要：

自哈大高速铁路开通以来，某动车组转向架发生轴箱弹簧断裂故障多起，断口均位于第一工作圈距弹簧端部60 mm处，断裂弹簧的平均寿命里程为165万km。本文通过断口形貌分析、弹簧在线载荷识别以及接触应力有限元仿真，对该轴箱弹簧的失效原因进行了分析。断口的宏、微观分析表明，弹簧发生了典型的疲劳断裂。将轴箱弹簧标定为测力弹簧，在运用线路上实测了弹簧垂向载荷和横向载荷时间历程，结果表明，该弹簧运用中未受到超出其动态设计规范的冲击载荷，其垂向和横向载荷均为随机动载荷，其中垂向载荷最大幅值为3.72 kN ，横向载荷最大幅值为1.18 kN。利用ABAQUS有限元程序仿真分析了弹簧接触应力随垂向和横向载荷的变化规律，结果表明，第一工作圈距弹簧端部60 mm处的等效接触切应力值最大，与实际断裂位置相吻合。

英文摘要：

Since the opening of Harbin‐Dalian passenger dedicated line , several fracture failures have occurred in the axle box springs of the bogies of a high‐speed train . All the failures were located at the first working coil , 60 mm from the end of the spring . The average life of the failed springs is estimated to be 1 650 000 km . The failure reason of the axle box spring was analyzed by means of fracture morphology analysis ,load identification of the spring under the service condition and contact stress FE simulation . The macroscopic and microscopic a‐nalysis of fractured surface showed that the failure was caused by fatigue . The axle box spring was calibrated into a load transducer and the time history of vertical and lateral loads was measured when the train was in serv‐ice . The test results indicated that the spring had not received impact loads beyond the dynamic design specifi‐cation ,and its vertical and lateral loads were both random dynamic loads . The maximum vertical load was 3.72 kN and the maximum lateral load was 1.18 kN . The contact stress in the work coil of the spring was sim‐ulated using ABAQUS and its variation with the applied vertical and lateral load was studied . The simulation results showed that the maximum equivalent shear stress occurred at the first work coil ,60 mm from the end , which was consistent with the observed failure position .