中文摘要：

核输出蛋白（NEP）是一个由甲型流感病毒第8段基因编码的约为14 k D的蛋白。NEP最初被认为参与病毒核糖核蛋白复合体的出核。相对于流感病毒的其他几个蛋白,关于NEP的研究很少被报道。近年来,随着蛋白立体结构的确定、研究的不断深入,NEP在流感病毒活动中很多意想不到的作用不断被发现。这些研究显示NEP参与病毒的转录和复制,促进H5N1禽流感病毒在哺乳动物体内的适应以及参与病毒的出芽。本文系统总结了NEP的功能,包括参与病毒核糖核蛋白复合体的出核的过程、调节病毒聚合酶的活性以及帮助H5N1禽流感病毒实现跨种间传播等,为进一步研究NEP奠定基础。

英文摘要：

Nuclear export protein （NEP） is a protein encoded by segment eight of influenza A virus, about 14 kD. NEP was originally implicated in mediating the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. In contrast to other influenza virus proteins, NEP studies are rarely reported. Since then, with the determination of protein structure and the deepening of research, many unexpected roles for NEP during the influenza virus life cycle have begun to be discovered. These recent studies have shown NEP to be involved in regulating viral transcription and replication, facilitating the adaptive processes of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in the mammalian hosts and efficiently releasing budding virions. The paper reviews the function of NEP that mediating the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes, regulating the viral polymerase activity and facilitating the inter-species transmissions of avian H5N1 influenza viruses etc., which provides a basis to further study.