中文摘要：

温度是影响水生动物生理功能的重要环境因素之一，适宜的水温给水生动物创造适于生长和发育的环境，低温会影响水生动物的正常生长和发育，甚至导致死亡。因此，低温引起渔业界的极大关注。主要综述了低温对水生动物尤其是鱼类的影响及预防措施，旨在研究低温对水生动物特别是鱼类的各种生理生化影响及其分子生物学机制，以便采取积极措施保护它们．预防低温损害，减少低温特别是突然降温对渔业造成的巨大损失。

英文摘要：

Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors which affects physiological functions of aquatic animals. A suitable water temperature is an appropriate environment for the growth and development of aquatic animal. However, low temperature can affect normal growth and development of aquatic animal, resulting in their death which has attracted great attention in fishery industry. The present paper reviewed the effects of low temperature on aquatic animals, especially on fish, and the effects＇ prevention. The purpopse was to further study the physiological and biochemical effects of low temperature on fish as well as to understand the affecting mechanism. The studies will benefit in protectting fish from low-temperature damage, especially sudden low temperature attack.