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中文摘要：
雾、雨环境中高速列车车顶容易发生击穿烧蚀从而引发事故。针对该问题研究了车顶高压端水滴降落对车顶电场分布的影响,提出了高速列车车顶绝缘优化策略。通过对影响车顶电场的有效水滴分析,建立了车顶分层电场模型,讨论了有效水滴及其周围电场分布状况;利用有限元分析方法建立了仿真模型并讨论了列车速度、水滴速度、车顶设计状况对电场的影响。结果表明：接触网上水滴分布一定时,列车速度升高过程中由有效水滴造成的车顶电场畸变存在最大值,当列车速度为10～15 m/s时,车顶电场畸变程度最大;同时电场畸变程度随接触网上水滴分布密度增大而增大;车顶不平时会升高低压侧电场强度,采用平整车顶会降低低压侧电场强度,但会使高压侧电场强度升高;而采用绝缘材料设计较平整的车顶会降低两侧电场强度,从而减少车顶击穿烧蚀,达到优化目的。
英文摘要：
In fog or rain environment, the roof of train suffers from electric breakdown and consequent accidents easily. Hence, we studied the influence of dropping water droplets on the electric field above train roof, and proposed a relevant strategy. The electric field in different layers was discussed based on the analysis of valid water droplets. We established a finite element analytical model to investigate the influence of train speed, water droplets and the roof design on the electric through simulation. The results show that, with a fixed distribution of water droplets, the roof electric field has a max limit with the increasing train speed, which appears at the speed of 10～15 m/s. Plus, the electric field distorts more remarkably with the increasing number of water droplets. When there is protrusion on the roof, the electric field intensity will increase at the low voltage side, but decrease at the high voltage side. This phenomenon can be alleviated by flattening the roof. However, when the train roof is made of insulating material, the electric field intensity at both sides can be lowered, so it is a good choice to reduce the breakdown and erosion at the roofs.
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