中文摘要：

两个实验以不同年级学优生与学困生为被试,比较了他们分别在图形启动和文字启动两种条件下自上而下注意控制能力的特点。结果发现,在自上而下注意控制方面,无论是学优生还是学困生,高一学生的成绩显著好于初一学生;无论是高一年级还是初一年级,学优生的成绩均显著好于学困生。

英文摘要：

Two experiments examined age-related difference in top-down attentional control ability.Half of them are learning efficiency students and half of them are learning deficiency students.The result showed that the reaction times of senior high school students are shorter than junior high school students,and the reaction times of learning efficiency are shorter than learning deficiency too.