中文摘要：

本文对我国在甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交及种质资源创建方面的研究进行了总结与展望。我国重要的油料作物甘蓝型油菜系20世纪30、40年代由国外引入,取代白菜型与芥菜型油菜后于60、70年代大面积栽培,故遗传基础较狭窄。但我国的白菜和白菜型油菜、芥菜与芥菜型油菜具有非常丰富的变异类型,可为甘蓝型油菜的遗传改良提供许多所需的性状及基因,我国进行了大量的芸薹属种间（甘白、甘芥）杂交,培育出了优异品种与骨干亲本中油821、黄籽新材料、抗菌核病与根肿病新材料。还运用组织培养与体细胞融合技术,合成许多甘蓝型油菜与其他属植物的有性及体细胞属间杂种、附加系与易位系,选育出可供育种利用的新材料、新型的细胞质雄性不育系及恢复系。

英文摘要：

The achievements in novel germplasm development of Brassica napus in China are reviewed. As an important oil crop,B. napus was introduced into China during 1930 s and 1940 s,and was started to be cultivated widely during 1960 s and 1970 s when replacing native species of B. rapa and B. juncea. Bottleneck of narrow genetic diversity obstructed the breeding of B. napus in China. For their wide variations of B. rapa and B. juncea,these two species became potential sources for B. napus genetic improvement by artificial synthesis and interspecific cross.During the last decades,the interspecies hybrids of B. napus with B. rapa and B. juncea were extensively made.Elite germplasm sources and cultivars were selected and used as core parents in breeding programs. The hybrids included ‘Zhongyou 821＇,and lines with yellow seeds,resistances to stem rot and club root. By tissue culture and somatic fusion,many sexual and somatic intergenetic hybrids of B. napus from other relative species were produced.Subsequent alien additions,substitutions,translocations and introgressions were obtained. Particularly,novel cytoplasmic male sterile lines were produced by mitochondrial DNA recombination during somatic fusion,and restoration lines were selected by introgressing the related restoration genes from alien chromosome.