中文摘要：

二维(2D ) nanosheets 在 biomedicines 的领域里与大潜力作为 nanomaterial 的一个重要的类出现了，特别地在癌症 theranostics。然而，由于综合的有效方法的缺乏有控制尺寸的一致 2D nanomaterials， 2D nanomaterials 的尺寸依赖者简历行为的系统的评估很少被报导。就我们的知识而言，我们是第一报导对他们的简历行为的 2D nanomaterials 的尺寸的影响的系统的评估。有从 5 ～ 80 nm 的直径的 2D Pd nanosheets 被综合并且在房间和动物模型测试了估计他们基因表示介绍的尺寸依赖者 bioapplication， biodistribution，消除，毒性，和 genomic。我们的结果证明尺寸显著地影响 Pd nanosheets 的生物行为，包括他们的 photothermal 和 photoacoustic 效果， pharmacokinetics，和毒性。比作大尺寸的 Pd nanosheets，更展出的小尺寸的 Pd nanosheets 在 ultralow 之上预付 photoacoustic 成像和 photothermal 效果激光照耀。而且，在 vivo，结果显示 5-nm Pd nanosheets 与更长的血半衰期逃离网状内皮组织的系统并且能被肾的排泄清除，当时有更大的尺寸的 Pd nanosheets 主要在肝和怒气积累。30-nm Pd nanosheets 展出了最高的肿瘤累积。尽管 Pd nanosheets 没在细胞的水平引起任何可估计的毒性，我们在怒气在肝和发炎观察了细微类脂化合物累积。Genomic 基因表达式分析证明 80-nm Pd nanosheets 与更细胞的部件交往了并且在肝影响了更生物的进程，作为与 5-nm Pd nanosheets 相比。我们相信这个工作将作为 nanomedicines 提供珍贵信息和卓见进 2D Pd nanosheets 的临床的申请。

英文摘要：

Two-dimensional （2D） nanosheets have emerged as an important class of nanomaterial with great potential in the field of biomedicines, particularly in cancer theranostics. However, owing to the lack of effective methods that synthesize uniform 2D nanomaterials with controlled size, systematic evaluation of size-dependent bio-behaviors of 2D nanomaterials is rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report a systematic evaluation of the influence of size of 2D nanomaterials on their bio-behaviors. 2D Pd nanosheets with diameters ranging from 5 to 80 nm were synthesized and tested in cell and animal models to assess their size-dependent bioapplication, biodistribution, elimination, toxicity, and genomic gene expression profiles. Our results showed size significantly influences the biological behaviors of Pd nanosheets, including their photothermal and photoacoustic effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Compared to larger-sized Pd nanosheets, smaller-sized Pd nanosheets exhibited more advanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal effects upon ultralow laser irradiation. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that 5-nm Pd nanosheets escape from the reticuloendothelial system with a longer blood half-life and can be cleared by renal excretion, while Pd nanosheets with larger sizes mainly accumulate in the liver and spleen. The 30-nm Pd nanosheets exhibited the highest tumor accumulation. Although Pd nanosheets did not cause any appreciable toxicity at the cellular level, we observed slight lipid accumulation in the liver and inflammation in the spleen. Genomic gene expression analysis showed that 80-nm Pd nanosheets interacted with more cellular components and affected more biological processes in the liver, as compared to 5-nm Pd nanosheets. We believe this work will provide valuable information and insights into the clinical application of 2D Pd nanosheets as nanomedicines.