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中文摘要：
20世纪后期以来，对官僚制的批评此起彼伏，然而，用什么来替代官僚制？一直没有作出成功的探索。其实，官僚制是适应工业社会生产和社会治理要求而产生的一种组织形式，在工业社会的历史时期中，造就了辉煌的历史性成就。但当人类进入了全球化、后工业化时代以后，由于社会的复杂性和不确定性迅速增长，官僚制组织不再适应这样一个个性化时代的要求，致使对它的批判之声不绝于耳。在高度复杂性和高度不确定性的历史背景下，人类需要通过合作的方式去处理各种各样的问题，与之相适应的组织形式也应当是合作制组织。从官僚制组织向合作制组织的转变是历史的必然，现实中各种各样的迹象都表现出了对合作制组织的渴求。
英文摘要：
Since the late 20th century, criticism of bureaucracy has been on the rise. However, what form of govern- ment can be used as substitute to bureaucracy？ So far no research has yield convincing answer to that question. In fact, the bureaucratic system has been an organizational form that adapts itself to the industrialized production and social governance. During the historical period of industrialized society, this system had made glorious and historic achievements. Yet since mankind entered the era of globalization and post-industrial period, due to the surge of social complexity and uncertainty, bureaucratic organization is no longer able to adapt to the requirements of such a customized period, resulting in continuous criticism of its negative aspects. Against the backdrop of such high degree of complexity and uncertainty, the human society needs cooperation to deal with a variety of problems, and the corresponding organization should be a cooperative one. The transition from bureaucratic organization to cooperative organization is a historical necessity, testified by a plurality of events in actual human activities.
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