试验于2010~2011年连续2年以济源市4个早实核桃品种香玲、鲁光、中林1号、薄丰为试材进行了对比试验,研究了不同采样时期叶片中N、 P、 K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn 9种矿质营养元素的含量变化及其与产量的关系。结果表明,早实核桃叶片中9种元素的含量在年周期内呈规律性变化,含量高低依次为 Ca>N>Mg>P>K,Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu。不同品种各元素的含量变幅最大为127.69~169.53 mg/kg(Mn),最小为2.1~92.26 g/kg(K)。不同早实核桃品种叶片内矿质元素含量的年变化趋势表现为N、 P、 K总体上呈下降趋势,最高含量为展叶期(4月20日)分别为36.79、 5.54、 2.93 g/kg,最低在落叶前期(9月28日),分别为17.45、 2.66、 1.86 g/kg;Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Mn 4元素含量的变化总体上表现为前期低后期高;Cu、Zn含量的变化有差异但差异不明显。总的来看, 5~7月份,即新梢速长期(5月20日)至硬核期(7月20日)是核桃树养分稳定的时期, 叶片中N、 P、 K含量之间呈极显著的正相关, N、 P与Ca、 Mg、 Mn、 Cu间呈极显著的负相关,可以认为N、 P、 K之间存在增效作用,Ca、 Mg、 Mn、 Cu 对N、 P 和 K 均存在一定的拮抗作用。元素含量与产量的相关分析表明,N、 P、 K在新梢速长期均与产量达(极)显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.819、 0.843和0.895。因此, 利用叶片进行营养诊断最佳,采样时间以新梢速长期(5月20日前后)为宜。
The contents of mineral nutrition elements in the leaves of early walnut trees their correlation with yields were studied by comparing the four early cultivars in Jiyuan City in 2010 and 2011. The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn. In the leaves of four early walnut cultivars were determined at five phonological stages. The results show that the mean contents of nine nutrient elements are in order of Ca〉N〉Mg〉P〉K, Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu. In all the four cultivars, Mn contents show the maximum variations with a rang from 127.69 mg/kg to 169.53 mg/kg, and K show the minimum variation with a range from 2.19 mg/kg to 2.26 mg/kg. The contents of N, P and K are higher at the leaf-expanding stage (17.45 g/kg, 5.54 g/kg and 2.93 g/kg, respectively), and lower at the deciduous pro-stage (17.45 g/kg, 2.66 g/kg and 1.86 g/kg, respectively). The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn keep slow increasing, Cu and Zn chane slightly. Generally, the nutrient contents of walnut trees are stable from May to July. There are significantly positive correlations among N, P and K contents, but the cotents of N and P are significant negatiely correlate with those of Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu. The yields are significant corelated with the N, P and K contents in leaves at shoot rapid/|growing stage, the correlation efficient are 0.819, 0.843 and 0.895 respectively, indicating the shoot rapid-growing stage the optimal leaf sampling time for nutrient diagnosis.