中文摘要：

对刺参养殖池塘沉积物采用实验室静态模拟培养法,调控温度和初始p H,定时测定上覆水中营养盐及上覆水中溶解氧（DO）的含量,并计算各营养盐的表观释放速率、累积释放量以及沉积物营养盐的释放率。结果表明,温度对沉积物氮、磷的释放有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,总氮和总磷最大表观释放速率变化范围分别是50~80 mg/（m2·d）和7~11 mg/（m2·d）;5℃的总氮、总磷最大表观释放速率低于20℃和15℃,而最大累积释放量却高于20℃和15℃,但时间延迟12 h。p H对沉积物氮、磷释放的影响极显著（P〈0.01）,总氮和总磷出现最大表观释放速率时酸碱条件顺序为p H 9.0〉p H 6.5〉p H 7.0〉p H 7.5〉p H8.5〉p H 8.22,铵态氮达到最大累积释放量时酸碱条件顺序为p H 6.5〉p H 9.0〉p H 8.5〉p H 7.5〉p H 7.0〉p H 8.22;p H对沉积物营养盐释放率的影响极显著（P〈0.01）。总氮和铵态氮释放率的变化范围分别为40%~60%和30%~42%,总磷和活性磷释放率的变化范围分别为32%~54%和24%~41%;在不同温度、p H条件下,总氮和铵态氮累积释放量之间以及总磷和活性磷累积释放量之间有显著的相关性（P〈0.05）。

英文摘要：

Characteristics of releasing nitrogen and phosphorus from sediment in ponds breeding Apostichapus japonica with different temperature and pH were studied by the method of laboratory static culture. Apparent release rates （ARR） of nitro- gen and phosphorus had obvious changes （P〈0.01） at different temperature. The maximum ARR of total N （TN） and Total P （TP） were 50-80mg/（m2·d） and 7~llmg/（m2·d）, respectively. The maxmium ARR of TN and TP at 5 ℃ were lower than those at 20 ℃ and 15 ℃. The maximum accumulative release quantity （ARQ） at 5℃ was higher than those at 20 ℃ and 15 ℃, with culture time at 5 ℃ delaying for 12 h. ARR of nutrient at different pH increased obviously （P〈0.01）. The highest ARR of TN and TP was in the order of pH 9.0〉pH 6.5 〉 pH 7.0 〉 pH 7.5 〉pH 8.5〉 pH 8.22. The order of the biggest ARQ of am- monium nitrogen at 24 h was pH 6.5〉 pH 9.0 〉 pH 8.5〉pH 7.5 〉 pH 7.0 〉 pH 8.22. Effect of pH on the release rates （RR） of sediment nutrient was significant （P〈0.01）. The RR of TN and ammonium nitrogen were 40%-60% and 30%~42%. RR of TP and activated phosphorus were 32%-54% and 24%-41%. Under the conditions of different temperature and pH, there was significantly positive correlation of the cumulative release quantity between total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, between to- tal phosphorus and active phosphorus （P〈0.05）.