中文摘要：

天文导航中经典的高度法需要给定测站的初始坐标,通过迭代计算获取测站的精确位置,且只能用于定位,而不能用于定向。从坐标转换的角度看待天文导航问题,通过引入罗德里格矩阵,提出了一种无需初值及迭代,且能够同时实现天文定位定向的导航算法。推导了新算法的所有计算公式,并给出了精度估计表达式。仿真计算结果表明,提出的方法不仅计算简便,而且实现了位置和航向的同时解算。与传统的高度法相比,新算法的定位精度提高了20%-40%。

英文摘要：

Classic altitude-method for celestial navigation needs the initial values of the coordinates of the instrument station and iterative calculations for convergence, and only position is obtained. In this paper, celestial navigation is considered as a coordinate transformation problem, and a new navigation algorithm without initial values and iterative calculations was put forward by introducing Rodrigo matrix. All the formulae were deduced in detail,and the precision estimation equations were listed. Simulation results showed that the algorithm presented in this paper achieves position and orientation simultaneously, and the positioning accuracy is improved by 20% - 40%with fewer calculations.